The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
Felitti, Anda, et al.
Paul's note
This is one of the key studies that helped change how people think about early adversity. It shows that what happens to us when we are young can echo through health, relationships and the way we meet the world later on. I include it not to label anyone, or to reduce a life to a score, but because understanding the link between past experience and present patterns can be deeply validating.